El gran zoo (1984), del poeta cubano Nicolás Guillén, ofrece distintas representaciones sobre el Caribe. El artículo argumenta que el texto de Nicolás Guillén se inscribe dentro del movimiento literario hispanoamericano de la neovanguardia. Luego, se examinan algunas características formales del texto, tomando como ejemplo los poemas “El sueño” y “Guitarra”. Otro poema que se estudia con más detenimiento es “El tenor”, el cual parodia la división entre la alta cultura y la cultura popular. Por último, se analizan varias alusiones (...) del poemario al contexto histórico de la Guerra Fría y la Carrera Espacial. (shrink)

Este nuevo libro colectivo recoge los trabajos del grupo de investigación de Filosofía de la PUCE, elaborados entre 2019 y 2020. El tema elegido, Tecnología y política, define una de las problemáticas contemporáneas más relevantes dentro del trabajo académico. Como en ocasiones anteriores, cada autor plantea contextos de lectura diversos; los aportes recorren un escenario complejo, resultado de los caminos que cada uno ha elegido para consolidar su propia reflexión a partir de los proyectos de escritura de tesis de posgrado (...) y de investigaciones desarrolladas tanto en universidades europeas como americanas. Sin embargo, el punto de encuentro está dado en la perspectiva y en las condiciones que determinan la posibilidad de proponer un pensamiento crítico y propositivo desde América Latina. (shrink)

Resumen La estructura hermenéutica de Gaudium et spes, fundada sobre el método ver-juzgar-obrar, fue motivo de arduos debates en el Vaticano II. El impacto del método en el posconcilio ha sido muy importante en las diversas regiones geográficas de la Iglesia, particularmente en la teología y la pastoral latinoamericanas. El presente artículo ofrece un análisis de varias contribuciones recientes que procuran enriquecer la metodología, especialmente en el momento de auscultación de la realidad. Pone de manifiesto algunos de los progresos que (...) se proponen, destaca adquisiciones que se mantienen y, sobre todo, saca a la luz un asunto necesitado de profundización ulterior: una lectura más teológica de la realidad que implica un cambio en la visión sobre la revelación y que capacita a la teología para asumir los desafíos de la llamada tercera Ilustración.The hermeneutical structure of Gaudium et Spes, grounded in the see-judge-act method, was the subject of arduous debates during the Second Vatican Council. The influence of the method after the Council has been vital for the Church throughout the world, particularly upon the theological and pastoral work done in Latin America. The present article offers an analysis of recent contributions that aim at enhancing the method, especially when auscultating and intentionally listening to reality. It highlights some proposed developments and underlines enduring convictions. Most importantly, it calls for the exploration of a more theological reading of reality that demands a change in the way revelation is envisioned and understood, and empowers theology to face and assume the challenges of the so-called third Illustration. (shrink)

Los estudios sobre el Vaticano II se concentran en tres áreas estrechamente vinculadas: las investigaciones históricas, los trabajos sistemático-hermenéuticos y aquellos referidos a los procesos de recepción en las distintas zonas geográficas. Esta contribución afronta el segundo ámbito y con una delimitación precisa: tres contribuciones relevantes que marcaron el debate en torno a la década del ochenta del siglo pasado y que favorecieron un salto de calidad en la comprensión hermenéutica del Concilio. Se trata, en primer término, de la interpretación (...) de Karl Rahner acerca de una iglesia mundial. Segundo, la formulación de los principios generales de interpretación en torno al Sínodo extraordinario de 1985. Tercero, la elaboración por parte de Giuseppe Alberigo de criterios hermenéuticos propios de este Concilio en base a la idea del Vaticano II como evento que inspiró la investigación histórica más importante y detallada en los años noventa. Los trabajos concretados al inicio de nuestro siglo han construido sobre las bases que pusieron los avances analizados en esta contribución. The studies on the Vatican II focus in three areas that are closely linked: historical research, systematic studies in which particular emphasis is placed on the hermeneutic perspective, and research that lays emphasis on the multiple processes of reception in the regional contexts. This article deals only with the systematic aspect, taking into account three relevant contributions that marked the debate particularly around the eighties of the last century. These studies favored a qualitative leap in the hermeneutic understanding of the Council Firstly, the interpretation of Karl Rahner on a worldwide church. Secondly, the formulation of general principles of interpretation by the 1985 Synod. And finally, the specific hermeneutical criteria elaborated by Giuseppe Alberigo after the idea of Vatican II as an event that inspired the most relevant and detailed historical research of the nineties. The hermeneutical work produced during the beginning of our century has built on the foundations laid down by the three contributions discussed in this article. (shrink)

Los estudios sobre el Vaticano II se concentran en tres áreas estrechamente vinculadas: las investigaciones históricas, los trabajos sistemático-hermenéuticos y aquellos referidos a los procesos de recepción en las distintas zonas geográficas. Esta contribución afronta el segundo ámbito y con una delimitación precisa: tres contribuciones relevantes que marcaron el debate en torno a la década del ochenta del siglo pasado y que favorecieron un salto de calidad en la comprensión hermenéutica del Concilio. Se trata, en primer término, de la interpretación (...) de Karl Rahner acerca de una iglesia mundial. Segundo, la formulación de los principios generales de interpretación en torno al Sínodo extraordinario de 1985. Tercero, la elaboración por parte de Giuseppe Alberigo de criterios hermenéuticos propios de este Concilio en base a la idea del Vaticano II como evento que inspiró la investigación histórica más importante y detallada en los años noventa. Los trabajos concretados al inicio de nuestro siglo han construido sobre las bases que pusieron los avances analizados en esta contribución. The studies on the Vatican II focus in three areas that are closely linked: historical research, systematic studies in which particular emphasis is placed on the hermeneutic perspective, and research that lays emphasis on the multiple processes of reception in the regional contexts. This article deals only with the systematic aspect, taking into account three relevant contributions that marked the debate particularly around the eighties of the last century. These studies favored a qualitative leap in the hermeneutic understanding of the Council Firstly, the interpretation of Karl Rahner on a worldwide church. Secondly, the formulation of general principles of interpretation by the 1985 Synod. And finally, the specific hermeneutical criteria elaborated by Giuseppe Alberigo after the idea of Vatican II as an event that inspired the most relevant and detailed historical research of the nineties. The hermeneutical work produced during the beginning of our century has built on the foundations laid down by the three contributions discussed in this article. (shrink)

La metodología teológico-pastoral, que configuró no solo los textos sino la dinámica de trabajo de Medellín, tuvo en la década del sesenta importantes desarrollos y debates. La presente contribución se concentra, particularmente, en una crítica radical a dicha Conferencia formulada entonces por Eduardo Briancesco. Primero, presenta las objeciones del teólogo argentino, quien afirma que hay en Medellín una exaltación indebida de lo empírico. En segundo lugar, el artículo realiza una evaluación de la posición del autor, prestando atención, de forma particular, (...) a algunos aspectos importantes del estado de la cuestión en el debate metodológico de entonces. De esta manera se contextualiza mejor la crítica y también se comprenden más adecuadamente algunos logros y limitaciones de la obra de Medellín desde el punto de vista de la metodología teológica. (shrink)

Knowledge brokers are among the main channels of communication between scientists and the public and a key element to establishing a relation of trust between the two. But translating knowledge from the scientific community to a wider audience presents several difficulties, which can be accentuated in times of crisis. In this paper we study some of the problems that knowledge brokers face when communicating in times of crisis. During the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, we collected interviews with Italian (...) experts that played a major role as knowledge brokers in the local media. We asked them questions about five main topics: the features and role of science communicators; the use of language in communicating science; the importance of the relation of trust with the public; the peculiarity of communicating in a context of emergency; the problem of disagreement among experts, and its public perception and communication. The goal of this paper is to understand, through the words of knowledge brokers themselves, what they consider as best practices (and obstacles) to create trust between scientists and the public. Our empirical work can inform normative accounts of what knowledge brokering should be about. (shrink)

In this paper we address the problem of short-term electric energy prediction using a time series forecasting approach applied to data generated by a Paraguayan electricity distribution provider. The dataset used in this work contains data collected over a three-year period. This is the first time that these data have been used; therefore, a preprocessing phase of the data was also performed. In particular, we propose a comparative study of various machine learning and statistical strategies with the objective of predicting (...) the electric energy consumption for a given prediction horizon, in our case seven days, using historical data. In this paper we have tested the effectiveness of the techniques with different historical window sizes. Specifically, we considered two ensemble strategies, a neural network, a deep learning technique and linear regression. Moreover, in this study, we tested whether the inclusion of meteorological data can help achieve better predictions. In particular, we considered data regarding temperature, humidity, wind speed and atmospheric pressure registered during the three-year period of data collection. The results show that, in general, the deep learning approach obtains the best results and that such results are obtained when meteorological data are also considered. Moreover, when meteorological data is used, a smaller historical window size is required to obtain precise predictions. (shrink)

The extent to which people anticipate and are influenced by the potential future consequences of their current behavior is called Consideration of Future Consequences. A well-established tool to measure this construct is the 14-item Consideration of Future Consequences Scale. The CFC-14 has shown appropriate psychometric properties in several languages. This scale comprises two factors: the CFC-Immediate and the CFC-Future. The main goal of this study was to assess the psychometric properties and internal consistency of the CFC-14 Scale in Spanish, using (...) an Argentine sample. A secondary goal was to determine its convergent validity with impulsivity, and determine differences across gender and age groups. Using a web-based survey, we collected data from 512 participants aged 13-74 years. Confirmatory Factor Analysis showed a 2-factor model as the best solution for 13-items version. Standardized regression weights ranged from.50 to.66 for CFC-F and between.43 and.83 for CFC-I. Composite reliability was also adequate: CFC-F achieve? =.80 and CFC-I? =.82. There were no differences across gender and age. The CFC-F subscale and UPPS-P subscales correlations, were negative and significant, highlighting the negative and moderate correlation between CFC-F and the lack of premeditation, a dimension strictly related to intertemporal decisions making. Thus, CFC-14 has adequate psychometric properties in an Argentinian population, although more studies are necessary to determine the robustness of these findings. (shrink)

Objective of the study: To analyze the costs and profits of sugarcane production regarding the cultural practices of sugarcane suppliers. Methodology/approach: This study positions itself in this gap by comparatively analyzing 6 types of cultural practices: unraveling, windrowing, application of correctives, herbicides, insecticides and fertilizers, with the option of two systems Fixed rate (TF) and Variable rate (TV). Originality/Relevance: Brazil is a world reference in sugarcane production, with the State of São Paulo being the largest Brazilian producer. However, for sugarcane (...) suppliers to maintain this activity there is a need to reduce production costs and increase profitability/ha. However, there is a theoretical-practical gap in the financial assessment (costs and profits) of different cultural practices inherent to sugarcane production. Main results: The results demonstrated that the costs of cultural practices represent more than 30% of the total sugarcane production costs. The TF system proved to be more cost-efficient in the following operations: correctives, herbicides and insecticides. In the application of fertilizers, the TV system, in broadcast mode, had the best result. Finally, the profit/ton was R$1.70, demonstrating a very low profit margin/ha given the risk of the activity. Theoretical/methodological contributions: The sample for this research comprised 55 sugarcane suppliers from the State of São Paulo, whose data were obtained through a survey. The comparative analysis was based on the difference in costs of cultural practices and the estimation of the level of certainty (profit/costs), analyzed through the cumulative frequency carried out through the Monte Carlo Simulation (SMC). (shrink)

En el socialismo de la transición, De los Ríos fue una figura a recuperar. Su sentido humanista del socialismo permitió al PSOE fundar en su propia historia republicana el nuevo compromiso del socialismo con la libertad. En el socialismo de los derechos civiles también tiene un lugar. De los Ríos apadrinó a Federico García Lorca, desde Granada a Nueva York y con La Barraca. El amor y el exilio acabó uniendo sus familias. También nombra a la primera mujer alto (...) cargo gubernamental: Victoria Kent, directora de prisiones.Se conoce menos otra dimensión de su trayectoria política de la que se ocupa este libro: su laicismo religioso. Dos rasgos que en la España de duelos a garrotazos parecen antagónicos. Sin embargo, ambos son característicos de su personalidad política e intelectual. Fue el ministro que lideró la política laicizadora de la II República, desde Justicia, primero, e Instrucción pública, después, llevando "siempre la batuta"?como informaba Tedeschini, el nuncio de la época -. Por otra parte, desde un cristianismo heterodoxo, no dejó de estimar la emoción religiosa, como lugar donde "fecundan los más hondos deseos del ideal". Se autodefinió "cristiano erasmista". Así le caracterizan Indalecio Prieto, en el obituario tras su muerte en el exilio, y el propio García Lorca, su poeta. (shrink)

The costs of agricultural inputs added to those of labor represent almost a third of the total cost of Brazilian sugarcane production. This study analyzes the behavior of the price per ton of sugarcane in Brazil, relating it to the main production costs of this cultivation. Twelve price indicators from January 2015 to December 2020 were evaluated. First, the data were adjusted to a multiple linear regression model to identify the significant variables on variation in the price per ton of (...) sugarcane. Then, the Monte Carlo simulation was used to measure the level of certainty of occurrence of these variables, and forecasts were obtained from the adjustment of ARIMA models. The results showed the influence of the costs of diesel oil, two agricultural pesticides, and daily laborers on the price of sugarcane, besides an increasing trend of its, providing relevant short-term projections for decision-making about investments in the agribusiness sector. (shrink)

The diversity in agronomic practices being used by sugarcane producers in Brazil determines differences in economic performance and cost structure. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the cost of six systems of agronomic practices using fixed or variable rates for soil amendment, fertilizer, and defensive applications and assess the profitability of these systems at three scales of sugarcane production. We then describe the data sample related to the 2019–2020 harvest season and collected from fifty-five sugarcane producers in the (...) central-south region of Brazil. Thereafter, using a quantitative approach, a cost analysis was performed, and the cumulative frequency of the net revenue for the three scales of production (small, medium, and large), was calculated using a Monte Carlo simulation. The cost analysis indicated that fertilizer had the highest cost considering the agronomic practices adopted at the three scales of production analyzed. The cumulative frequency analysis results from the Monte Carlo simulation showed the highest net revenue per hectare for medium sugarcane producers. In addition, the presence of economies of scale was not confirmed because the lowest cost was found in small-scale sugarcane producers and the highest net revenue was obtained by medium-scale sugarcane producers. (shrink)

Introduzione.--Federico Enrico Jacobi.--Carlo Leonardo Reinhold.--Enesidemo (Graziadio Ernesto Schulze).--Sigismondo Beck.--Salomone Maimon.--Conclusione.

The law of the Milanese Church in early modern times was both postulated and experimental. Just after Trent, Carlo Borromeo exercised the “immemorial” rights of the archbishopric without demonstrating them. His successors interpreted his show of strength as custom, highlighting the fame of archbishop’s acts, therefore the consensus populi, at a time when this argument faded into canonical doctrine. But the common experience was only valid to confirm saint Carlo’s intuition and deeds. In 1620, such reasoning justified the bearing of (...) arms by the Archbishop’s minions, with description and evidence: was it narratively and legally effective? (shrink)

A descriptive-exploratory analysis of assurance practices is presented in this paper, by analysing the patterns of sustainability assurance reporting in two national contexts with different levels of assurance activity over a period of 11 years. The study is based on theoretical insights drawn from institutional sociology and normativity production. It is framed both in the Italian situation, where assurance statements consistently include a narrow set of formal and procedural communications, and in an unsettled situation in the U.S., where assurance activity (...) is more incipient, but where experimentation in substantial assurance disclosure practices has more room to develop. Its main implication is that the diffusion of sustainability assurance and the creation of sustainability assurance disclosure norms are not without its cost: information quality does not increase with patterned practice. The results also point towards the noteworthy role of specific professionals in the earlier and later stages of assurance practice norms. They reveal a significant influence of non-Big4 firms in the diffusion of sustainability assurance disclosure norms. In contrast, the Big4 firms appear to be positively associated with the narrowing down of the assurance focus to a selected subset of this activity in later stages of the development of the assurance norm. In this regard, this study provides insight into the circumstantial—but relevant—carrier role of the Big4 firms in determining what “assurance” means. (shrink)

Teniendo como punto de partida el importante intercambio crítico entre John Rawls y Jürgen Habermas desplegado en The Journal of Philosohy en marzo de 1995, el presente escrito tiene por objetivo explorar el lugar que ocupa el consenso en la fundamentación del pensamiento político de ambos autores. De modo tal que pueda ponerse en evidencia el carácter intersubjetivo que subyace tanto en los planteos de la teoría de la justicia de Rawls como en la ética del discurso habermasiana. Lo anterior, (...) en efecto, implica un ejercicio conceptual que decanta en el esclarecimiento de dos sendas argumentativas, ambas herederas de una interpretación de Kant, encauzadas a dar solución a la fundamentación de principios morales en las sociedades plurales contemporáneas. (shrink)

This paper makes the case for the relevance of C. G. Hempel’s 1942 proposal of the usage of «covering laws» in History. To do so, it argues that such a proposal reflects how 18 and 19th centuries «philosophy of History» became methods or epistemology of History. This carried a change in meaning of «History»: no longer a succession of past events but the study of documented human action (including of scientific kind in general), its distinction vis-à-vis philosophy, sociology etc., becomes (...) a minor matter as far as logic of research is concerned. Also present in this paper is the conception of theory as a conceptual mode of narrative, and the defense of a development of theories alongside their practice, not apart from them. Authors considered besides Hempel range from Max Weber to Sigmund Freud, from Arthur C. Danto to Albert O. Hirschmann. (shrink)

According to Marr, explanations of perceptual behavior should address multiple levels of analysis. Rahnev & Denison (R&D) are perhaps overly dismissive of optimality considerations at the computational level. Also, an exclusive reliance on standard observer models may cause neglect of many other plausible hypotheses at the algorithmic level. Therefore, as far as explanation goes, standard observer modeling is no panacea.

Whereas most branches of neuroscience are thought to provide mechanistic explanations, systems neuroscience is not. Two reasons are traditionally cited in support of this conclusion. First, systems neuroscientists rarely, if ever, rely on the dual strategies of decomposition and localization. Second, they typically emphasize organizational properties over the properties of individual components. In this paper, I argue that neither reason is conclusive: researchers might rely on alternative strategies for mechanism discovery, and focusing on organization is often appropriate and consistent with (...) the norms of mechanistic explanation. Thus, many explanations in systems neuroscience can also be viewed as mechanistic explanations. (shrink)

Night: The presence of the absence, the dissolution of the person in the night, the horror of being, the reality of the unreal, it takes us more to the absence of God than to God, to the absence of every entity. Dawn: Not being conscious of the existence of that unchangeable supposed centre of the person within time does not mean that we cannot be able to explain the not static changeable and relational personal identity in other ways. Day: It (...) is me who flows, but I am not in the flow like a support from where life flows, I am flowing in my own reality. This is not similar to an egology, it does not mean that everything exists and is loved to me, but it does mean that everything is seen and loved for me. (shrink)